Escala da Autoeficácia Musical para Instrumentistas e Cantores de Música Erudita

Abstract

Many experts mention that self-efficacy is reflected in the quality of performance and learning. Low levels of selfefficacy can result in depressive feelings, low self-esteem, pessimistic thoughts, and anxiety. Good levels of self-efficacy
favor learning, performance, improve motivation, resilience and health. This study aimed to build and validate a scale, to
analyse self-efficacy and self-efficacy sources, that can influence the beliefs of classical music students. Through a Delphi
panel, made up of five specialists, the scale items were elaborated. The resulting scale, composed of 22 items, was based
on the general self-efficacy scale of Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem, and on Albert Bandura’s four sources of
self-efficacy. The scale was administered to 150 participants, students from various instrument and singing classes, who
attend polytechnic and university education institutions in Portugal. Statistical analyzes showed good reliability. We can
consider the elaborated scale a useful tool to assess the levels of self-efficacy and the self-efficay sources that influence
the musicians’ beliefs.